For mathematical/scientific computational tasks array-oriented high level languages are the most efficient, both in terms of development and execution time. Here you can find an extensive list:
http://www.bioinformatics.pe.kr/sal/A/2/index.shtml.
Examples: MATLAB (
http://www.mathworks.it/products/matlab/) and IDL (
http://www.exelisvis.com/ProductsServices/IDL.aspx) as commercial products, and Octave (
http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/) as open source.